New air-cooled chiller on its pad beside the Studebaker building in Huber Heights
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Huber Heights Studebaker Building HVAC Replacement 2023

Seven aging rooftop units cooled the Studebaker building on R-22, a refrigerant that has been out of production since 2020, and every one of them was a two-deck multizone machine mixing heated and cooled air to hold 52 different zones. Prodigy replaced the lot — seven new multizone air handlers totaling roughly 161 tons and 58,100 CFM of supply air — and put a central chilled water plant behind them: a 180-ton air-cooled scroll chiller on a new pad at the corner of the building, two 375 GPM pumps on variable speed drives, expansion tank, air separator and a 30 percent propylene glycol loop routed through the building and up to all seven units. The new units landed on the existing curbs and connected to the existing ductwork and zone layout, which kept the interior of a 61,391 square foot building with 125 rooms almost entirely out of the project. Prodigy's own engineers designed the system, our crews installed it, and the rooftop work was staged into a summer break.

The building is served zone by zone rather than room by room, and the zone count is the reason the design went the way it did: 52 thermal zones across 33 classrooms, a 2,901 square foot library, a 1,825 square foot band rehearsal room, a music room and six practice rooms, a lecture room, offices and administration, with roughly 15,287 CFM of design outside air for 1,148 people. Every one of those zones had an existing duct run and an existing damper. Replacing the machines while keeping the distribution meant the district bought new equipment, not a new building.

Each new unit is an all-aluminum, double-wall cabinet with two inches of polyurethane foam, chilled water coils, two direct-drive supply fans on factory-mounted variable speed drives, stainless drain pans, seismic spring isolators, supply and return smoke detectors and factory BACnet controls, with gas heat retained. The controls were extended onto the district's existing building automation server rather than replaced, with a new plant controller sequencing chiller enable, lead-lag pumping, pump speed and chilled water setpoint against outdoor conditions, new graphics for every thermal zone, and sixteen hours of training for the district's own staff. The system was air and water balanced to NEBB standards before and after construction and independently commissioned.

The work was procured through the Aspire Works Purchasing Cooperative under a competitively bid cooperative unit price contract, and delivered with prevailing wage and certified payroll on a school calendar, with owner-coordinated shutdowns and two crane mobilizations.

The new chiller plant seen from the courtyard, with the Studebaker building and parking lot behind it
One of the original rooftop units on the Studebaker building before replacement

Technical Discussion

Why the new units have a third deck

A multizone rooftop unit is a machine that makes several air temperatures at once and blends them per zone at the unit itself. The classic version has two decks: a hot deck with the heating coil and a cold deck with the cooling coil, and a pair of opposed dampers for each zone that mixes the two streams to whatever that zone is asking for. It is a simple, durable arrangement, and the seven units it replaced had run on it for decades.

It is also, in the middle of the year, a machine that heats air and cools air and then mixes them back together. A zone calling for 68 degree supply air on a mild day gets it by blending 95 degree air with 55 degree air, and the district pays for both. In a building with 52 zones and a long shoulder season, that is most of the operating hours.

The replacement units are three-deck: hot, cold, and a neutral deck carrying tempered outside air that has been neither heated nor mechanically cooled. A zone asking for something in the middle now draws from the neutral deck instead of manufacturing the middle out of two extremes. The hot and cold decks are still there for the zones that need them — a south-facing classroom at two in the afternoon and a north corridor at seven in the morning are different problems — but the reheat penalty moves from most of the year to the part of the year that actually calls for it. Ventilation air ends up doing useful thermal work on its way in rather than being a load to overcome, and the design outside air quantity was set against ASHRAE 62.1 rather than inherited.

The alternatives were on the table and worth naming. Like-for-like DX multizone replacement would have been the least disruptive and would have locked in the mixing penalty for another twenty-five years, on a refrigerant that is no longer made. A full conversion to variable air volume would have addressed it, but VAV means a terminal box and a control drop in every zone, which in this building means opening 125 rooms' ceilings in an occupied school. Chilled water multizone with a neutral deck was the middle path: new machines and a new plant, seven curbs and one pad of demolition, and the ductwork and zoning left where they were.

The numbers the decision runs on, for anyone weighing the same choice: 58,100 CFM of supply against 52 zones, 411 GPM of chilled water at 44 degrees supply and 54 degrees return, gas heat retained at 150 to 400 MBH input per unit, and a 177.9 ton air-cooled scroll chiller with six compressors on two circuits carrying an integrated part-load value near 16.9 — a part-load number, because a school building at part load is the condition that describes almost every hour it operates.

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